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Effective permittivity

Analysis of structures, which consist of several dielectric layers (a substrate and air, e.g.), is rather complicated (boundary conditions have to be met on all the boundaries). Approximate solutions therefore replace inhomogeneous dielectrics by such homogeneous one, so that electromagnetic properties of the original structure are kept unchanged. Value of permittivity of such substitutive homogeneous dielectrics is denoted as effective permittivity.